Batter Hit By Pitch, Not Awarded a Base?

 
I recently saw a batter that was hit by a pitch, but was not awarded first base. There are at least five circumstances when this could occur. The coach of the team at-bat is going to want to understand why his batter was not awarded first base when his batter was struck by a pitch!
 
Can you name the most common situations where a batter would not be awarded first base when he was struck by the pitch?
 
Call
A batter should not be awarded first base when he is hit by a pitch, but:

1) The pitch was in the strike zone,
2) The batter permitted the pitch to hit him (with less than a 3-ball count),
3) The pitcher balked on the pitch,
4) The pitcher threw an illegal pitch (balk-like pitch without runner(s) on base),
5) The batter swung at the pitch.
 
There are a couple of "urban legends" of HBPs:
 
Provided that none of the five circumstances above apply:

1. When a pitch first hits the ground, but then hits the batter -- the batter is still awarded first base on the HBP.
2. If a batter gets hit on the hands, that is still an HBP (the hands are not a part of the bat)